Understanding auto loans
An auto loan finances a vehicle purchase with fixed monthly payments over a set term, using the car itself as collateral. Because the loan is secured by the vehicle, rates are often lower than unsecured personal loans — but the same amortization math applies, and the total cost depends heavily on the price, your down payment, the interest rate, and how long you stretch the term.
This calculator shows your monthly payment and the total interest you will pay, so you can compare financing offers and see how a bigger down payment or shorter term changes the real cost of the car.
How the payment is calculated
Auto loans amortize using the standard formula:
M = P × [ r(1+r)n ] / [ (1+r)n − 1 ]
The financed amount P is the vehicle price plus taxes and fees, minus your down payment and any trade-in value. r is the monthly rate and n is the number of months.
A worked example
Finance a $35,000 car with $5,000 down over 5 years at a 7% APR (financing $30,000):
| Figure | Value |
| Monthly payment | $594 |
| Total paid | $35,640 |
| Total interest | $5,640 |
Stretching the same loan to 7 years lowers the payment to about $453 but raises total interest to roughly $8,050 — and for much of that time you may owe more than the car is worth.
Being "underwater": Cars depreciate fast, often 20%+ in the first year. With a small down payment and a long term, your loan balance can exceed the car's value for years. If the car is totaled or you need to sell, you could owe the difference out of pocket. Gap insurance and a larger down payment protect against this.
What affects your total cost
Down payment
A larger down payment reduces the financed amount and the interest on it, and helps you stay above water as the car depreciates. Many advisors suggest at least 20% down on a new car.
Loan term
Longer terms (72 or 84 months) lower the monthly payment but add substantial interest and increase the risk of negative equity. Shorter terms cost more monthly but far less overall.
New vs used
Used cars usually carry higher interest rates than new ones, but they also depreciate more slowly since the steepest drop already happened. The lower purchase price often outweighs the higher rate.
Common mistakes to avoid
- Shopping by monthly payment instead of total price. Dealers can hit any monthly target by extending the term — while quietly increasing what you pay overall.
- Rolling negative equity into a new loan. Financing the leftover balance from your old car onto the new one compounds the problem.
- Skipping the down payment. Zero down maximizes interest and negative-equity risk.
- Not getting pre-approved. A pre-approval from a bank or credit union gives you a rate to beat and real negotiating power at the dealer.
Frequently asked questions
How much should I put down on a car?
A common guideline is at least 20% down on a new car and 10% on a used car. A larger down payment lowers your interest and helps you avoid owing more than the car is worth.
Is a longer auto loan term a bad idea?
Long terms of 72–84 months lower the monthly payment but significantly increase total interest and the time you spend underwater on the loan. Shorter terms are cheaper overall.
What does it mean to be underwater on a car loan?
It means you owe more than the car is currently worth, which happens when depreciation outpaces your loan payoff. It is a risk with small down payments and long terms.
Should I finance through the dealer or a bank?
Get pre-approved by a bank or credit union first, then let the dealer try to beat that rate. Comparing offers is the best way to secure the lowest cost.
Do used cars have higher interest rates?
Typically yes, but used cars depreciate more slowly and cost less up front, which often makes them cheaper overall despite the higher rate.
Sources & references
Estimates are for educational purposes only and are not financial advice. Actual terms vary by lender, vehicle, and creditworthiness.